The matter: elements, compounds, pure substances and mixtures; states of matter and its properties; transition of phases.
The atom and subatomic particles: the nucleus, the electrons and the atomic orbitals. Electronic configurations and the properties of elements. The periodic table and the periodic properties of elements. Atomic symbols and formulas, ions, isotopes, atomic and molecular masses.
Oxidation state and inorganic compounds nomenclature rules.
The chemical bond: ionic and covalent bond. Lewis structures, simple and multiple bonds, σ and π bonds. Polar bonds and molecules. Carbon hybrid atomic orbitals.
Intermolecular attractive interactions: hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals interaxctions.
The mole: definition and its importance for the quantitative determination of chemical compounds.
Chemical reactions: qualitative and quantitative aspects. Stoichiometric coefficients, charge and mass balance. Equilibrium reactions, equilibrium constant, physical parameters influencing the reaction equilibrium, deteremiantion of the equilibrium constant (K). Introduction to redox reactions.
Properties of liquids: evaporation, vapor pressure and boiling temperature. Solutions, suspensions and colloids. Unit of measurement of the concentration of solutions. Solubility. Colligative properties.
Reactions in solution: electrolytic dissociation for strong and weak electrolytes. Acids and bases, pH and its measurement; neutralization reaction. Conjugated acid/base pairs; hydrolysis and buffer solutions.
Notions of thermodynamics and kinetics: state functions entropy, free energy, enthalpy and the principles of thermodynamics. Exergonic and endergonic reactions, reaction rate, activation energy, catalysis and enzymatic catalysis.
Representation of molecules in organic chemistry with particular reference to graphical representation.
Structure and properties of the main organic compounds, classified through functional groups
Basics of nomenclature in organic chemistry: from structure to name and from name to structure
Fundamental principles of the reactivity of organic compounds: acid-base reactions, nucleophile-electrophile reactions
Some examples of organic reactions with the related mechanisms
The stereochemistry of organic compounds: E/Z and R/S isomers. Chirality of organic compounds

Carbohydrates: nomenclature and classification of aldoses and ketoses, open and cyclic forms. Complex sugars (hexosamines, sialic acid). Disaccharides of biological interest (saccharose, maltose, lactose, cellobiose), Structure homopolysaccharides: cellulose, Reserve homopolysaccharides: starch and glycogen. Heteropolysaccharides: glycosaminoglycans.
Proteins: Chemical classification of amino acids, carboxyl and amine group reactivity, D-L series and their biological importance. Peptide bonding and chemical-physical characteristics. Protein structure, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary.
Lipids: Simple lipids: fatty acids, nomenclature. Role of the double bond on chain stability and isomers. Complex lipids: triglycerides, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. Outline of the structure of biological membranes. Cholesterol and its derivatives. Glycoproteins. The structural organization of biological membranes.
The oxygen transporters: structural and functional properties of myoglobin and hemoglobin.
Enzymes: properties and enzyme kinetics. Enzyme inhibition. Regulatory enzymes: allosteric and covalently regulated enzymes.
Metabolism: generalities, outline of bioenergetics, the ATP-ADP system as an energy intermediary between catabolism and anabolism, molecular basis of the high energy content of ATP, phosphorylation at the substrate level. The 'energy charge' and its regulatory role. The respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose activation. Glycogen metabolism and control mechanisms.
Glycolysis, its energy balance and control mechanisms. The oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid. Gluconeogenesis and control mechanisms. Fatty