Peripheral vascular access in interventional cardiology. Hemodynamic study: pressure recordings and oximetry. Coronary vessels evaluation: angiography, intravascular ultrasounds, functional evaluation of the coronary vessels; procedure complications. Electrophysiology study: materials and methodologies, pacing protocols, intracavitary signals interpretations; procedure complications. Peculiar procedures: transseptal catheterization and percutaneous pericardial access. Cardiac mapping: principles of conventional mapping and electroanatomic mapping. Catheter ablation: biophysics of radiofrequency and cryothermal energies; identification of ablation targets and procedure end-points. Device for left atrial appendage, atrial septal defect and patent forman ovale occlusion. In the diagnosis, gender differences will be underlined