ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1
- Overview
- Assessment methods
- Learning objectives
- Contents
- Delivery method
- Teaching methods
- Contacts/Info
Students are familiar with the principle of general chemistry and in particular with the theory of valence bond, chemical equilibrium and the concept of acidity and basicity according to Broensted-Lowry and Lewis.
Final written exam consisting of a variable number (typically 12) of exercises divided between: assignment of the correct nomenclature and stereochemistry, interconversions of functional groups, conformational analysis exercises, multi-step synthesis. Passing the written test and admission to the oral exam with a minimum score of 15/30.
Oral exam consisting of a variable number of questions aimed at verifying the degree of understanding of the principles and organic reactivity. Vote out of thirty
The course will provide students of the BSc in Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry with a basic knowledge of organic chemistry and in particular of the following topics:
- Organic Nomenclature based on IUPAC rules
- Mechanisms of organic reactions
- Functional groups and their interconversion
By the end of this course students willl be able to:
- Devise synthetic paths for the construction of simple organic molecules
- Discuss mechanistic details of organic transformations applied to specific substrates
- adopt the correct terminology to name organic molecules and describe their reactivity
Introduction to Organic Chemistry (historical notes and varieties of organic molecules). Elements of atomic theory, atomic orbitals, hybridization, ionic and covalent bonds, molecular orbitals.
Electronegativity and polarity of bonds. Non-binding interactions. Inductive effects and resonance stabilization.
Acids and Bases in Organic Chemistry.
Main functional groups, their nomenclature and reactivity.
Nucleophiles and electrophiles. Carbocations and their transpositions, carbanions and radicals.
Fundamentals of organic stereochemistry (molecular symmetry, chirality, stereocenters, absolute and relative configuration descriptors).
Covalent bond and molecular geometry. Alkanes and cycloalkanes: nomenclature and structure Conformational stereoisomerism of open chains
Alkenes and polyenes: geometric stereoisomerism; electrophilic addition to alkenes; stereochemistry of addition reactions (regioselectivity, stereospecificity and stereoselectivity), addition of strong acids, weak acids, addition of halogens, hydroboration, oxymercuriation, oxidation. Reactivity of conjugated dienes: addition 1,4; Diels-Alder reaction.
Alkynes.
Alkyl halides. Nucleophilic substitution (Sn1 Sn2 mechanisms) and elimination reactions (E1, E2 mechanisms).
Alcohols, ethers, epoxides and sulphides.
Aldehydes and ketones and their derivatives: addition of water, alcohols, cyanides, reaction with Grignard's reagents, reaction with ammonia derivatives: imines, enamines, oximes, hydrazones, acetals, ketals, cyanhydrins. Wittig reaction. Organometallic compounds. Keto-enol tautomeria: enols and enolates aldol condensation.
Carboxylic acids and their derivatives: esters, acyl halides, anhydrides, amides, nitriles, Nucleophilic acyl substitution. Claisen condensation. Use of the acetacetic and malonic ester in organic synthesis. Michael addition reaction. Amines
72 lecture hours and 24 hours of practicals
The lecturer is available to more details and clarifications on any requests made by the students receiving at his office by previous contact via email: andrea.penoni@uninsubria.it or by phone (031-2386440).