Mathematics

Degree course: 
Corso di First cycle degree in ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES
Academic year when starting the degree: 
2022/2023
Year: 
1
Academic year in which the course will be held: 
2022/2023
Course type: 
Basic compulsory subjects
Language: 
Italian
Credits: 
9
Period: 
First Semester
Standard lectures hours: 
72
Detail of lecture’s hours: 
Lesson (72 hours)
Requirements: 

The following basic knowledges are required: equations and inequalities, trigonometry, analytic geometry (line and parabola).

Final Examination: 
Orale

The exam consists of a written test in which the student must solve exercises on topics covered in the course and state and prove a theorem

Assessment: 
Voto Finale

The objective of this course is to provide the student with theoretical and practical tools of basic mathematical analysis with particular attention to the study of real functions of a real variable, to the theory of integration according to Riemann, to differential equations. Furthermore, topics of probability calculus and linear algebra will be covered.

At the end of the course the student will be able to:

1. identify and adequately define the theoretical concepts covered;
2. understand and explain the results and techniques introduced with adequate formalism;
3. reproduce short proofs and provide examples and counterexamples;
4. use the main calculus techniques acquired to solve exercises that require the study of functions, derivatives and integrals, differential equations, linear systems and probability calculus.

Furthermore, at the end of the course the student will have acquired a mathematical formalism and a rigorous scientific method of reasoning which he/she will be able to apply to the study of other subjects included in the course of study.

Real numbers, Functions and Limits, Differential calculus, Integral calculus, Differential equations. Learning objectives 1-4

Linear Algebra: linear systems, Gaussian elimination method, vector spaces. Learning objectives 1-4

Probability: conditional probability, Bayes' Theorem, main probability distributions. Learning objectives 1-4

Functions: Function, domain, image, graph. Bounded functions, injective, surjective and bijective functions. Composite function. Inverse function. Monotonicity theorem of a composite function. Even, odd functions. Exponential function and logarithmic function.
Concept of limit: Euclidean distance. Definition of limit (various cases). Uniqueness of the limit. Right and left limit. Sign theorem for limits. Comparison theorem. Local maxima and minima. Algebra of limits. forms of indecision. Limit of compound functions.
Horizontal, oblique and vertical asymptotes.
Continuous functions of one real variable: Definition of continuous function. Continuity from right and from left. Sign theorem for continuous functions. Composition of continuous functions. Classification of discontinuity points. Continuity of monotone functions. Theorem of zeros. Corollary to the zeros theorem. Intermediate value theorem. continue (no dim.). Continuity of the inverse function. Weierstrass theorem.
Differential calculus: Secant and tangent line. Difference quotient and derivative. Geometric meaning of the derivative. Derivatives of elementary functions (calculation through the definition of derivative). Differentiable functions are continuous. C1 functions. Right derivative and left derivative and their geometric meaning. Corner points and cusps. Algebra of derivatives. Derivative of a product, a quotient and a compound function. Derivative of the inverse function. Derivative of log(x), arcsin(x), arccos(x),arctan(x) . Derivative of log|x|, log|x|,ax . Fermat's theorem (dim.). Critical points. Finding the local extremum points of a function. Rolle's theorem (dim.). Lagrange mean value theorem (dim.). Monotonicity of a differentiable function and sign of the derivative. de l'Hopital's theorem. Corollary to de l'Hopital's theorem. Higher order derivatives. Convex functions and concave functions. Convex functions and continuity (without dim.). Geometric meaning of convexity. Convexity and sign of the second derivative. Inflection points. Vertical tangent flexures. Inflection points and second derivative. Study of functions.

Integrals: Definition of the Riemann integral. Partition of an interval. Upper sums and lower sums. Integrability of continuous and bounded functions. Relationship between the definite integral and the area of ​​the subgraph of an integrable function. Properties of the integral. Integral mean value theorem (dim.). Definition of integral function. Fundamental theorem of integral calculus (dim.). Definition of primitive. The primitives of a function differ by an additive constant. Calculation of the integral defined through one of its primitives (dim.). Indefinite integral. Primitives of elementary functions. Integration by parts. Integration by substitution. Integration of rational functions.
Linear algebra: linear systems, Rouché-Capelli theorem, Gauss elimination method. Vector spaces, linearly independent vectors. Bases.

Probability: Conditional probability, Bayes' Theorem, main distributions (Gaussian, Poisson, binomial, etc.)

Class lectures and exercise's sessions

Professors