PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY 2
The student must know embryology, histology, normal anatomy, biochemistry, general pathology including regulation of cellular molecular pathways.
In addition, to take the final exam it is necessary to have previously passed the exams of Medical Pathology and Surgical Pathology, as stated in the official teaching regulations of the University.
The final assessment includes an oral exam on the program carried out in the integrated courses of Anatomic Pathology 1 (IV year) and Anatomic Pathology 2 (V year).
The exam is oral and three questions will be asked. For each of the three questions, a maximum of 10 points will be awarded. Honors (laude) will be given to particularly deserving students.
Students who have taken the partial written exam at the end of the course of Anatomic Pathology 1 (IV year) will not be questioned on the program of Anatomic Pathology 1 and 2 questions related only to the program of Anatomic Patholoy 2 will be asked.
In this case, the grade of the written exam will be averaged with the grade of the 2 oral questions. The modalities of the written exam of Anatomic Pathology 1 are detailed in the syllabus of the Integrated Course of Anatomic Pathology 1 of the fourth year.
The criteria used to verify the knowledge and skills are: clarity of exposure and completeness of knowledge including epidemiological, clinical, macroscopic, microscopic and molecular aspects of diseases. Particular attention will also be paid to the appropriateness of the language and terminology used.
The course of Anatomic Pathology 2 includes the following modules: (1) ANATOMICAL and HISTOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY, (2) CITOPATHOLOGY, and (3) HEMOLYMPHOPATHOLOGY whose expected knowledge and skills are:
- To know causes, pathogenetic mechanisms, tissue (macroscopic, microscopic) and molecular alterations of diseases.
-To be able to integrate this knowledge with various therapeutic options that can be used to set up personalized therapies.
- To acquire the basis to collaborate with pathologists in the clinical management of patients through the learning of the indications, advantages and limitations of various methods of analysis and the understanding of a cytological, histological, molecular and autopsy report
- In particular, the student must know the morphological, molecular and classification bases of non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases of the breast, female genital tract, soft tissues, organs of the head and neck region, central nervous system, and skin.
Immune system:
Diseases with autoimmune pathogenesis (SLE, systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, inflammatory myopathies). Immunodeficiency syndromes: congenital and acquired. Amyloidosis. Rejection of transplants
Head and neck pathology:
Diseases of the oral cavity, nose and paranasal sinuses, salivary glands, pharynx and larynx. Salivary gland tumours. Tumours of the larynx, pharynx and nasal cavities.
Female genital system:
Cervicitis; cervical polyps. Precancerous cervix. Cervical-uterine carcinoma. Endometrial hyperplasia. Benign tumours of the uterus. Malignant tumours of the uterine body. Morphological pictures of hormonal influences on the endometrium. Vesicular and choriocarcinoma. Endometritis, endometriosis and adenomyosis. Salpingitis. Vulvar dystrophies, preneoplastic lesions and tumours of the vulva. Ovarian tumours: primitive and metastatic.
Breast pathology
Hormones-driven morphological alterations in the breast. Mastitis and steatonecrosis. Benign tumours of the breast. Fibrocystic disease (fibrosis, cystic disease, adenosis, sclerosing adenosis, epithelial hyperplasia), fibroadenoma, phyllodes tumour, intraductal papilloma and papillomatosis, nipple adenoma. Breast carcinoma (in situ, ductal, lobular, medullary and other rare histotypes). Molecular profiles. Pathology of the male breast.
Central nervous system:
Traumatic CNS lesions. Cerebral oedema and hypertension. Hydrocephalus. Cerebrovascular diseases. Viral encephalitis. Bacterial encephalitis and brain abscess. Prion diseases. Demyelinating diseases. Degenerative diseases (M. of Parkinson, M. of Alzheimer). Meningitis. Neurosyphilis. Pathology of the cerebral arteries. Gliomas. Meningiomas. Retinoblastoma, medulloblastoma. Schwannoma. Neurofibromas. CNS lymphomas. CNS metastases.
Soft tissues tumours:
Immunohistochemical and cytogenetic diagnostics. Juvenile aponeurotic fibroma, nodular fasciitis, fibromatosis (palmar, plantar, penis, aponeurotic muscle - desmoid tumour) Dermatofibroma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Lipoma, lipoblastomatosis, liposarcoma. Leiomyoma, vascular leiomyoma, bizarre leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma. Tumours of striated muscle tissue: rhabdomyoma, rhabdomyosarcoma. Haemangioma; intramuscular haemangioma; angiomatosis; hemangiopericytoma; glomangioma; pyogenic granuloma; hemangiosarcoma; Kaposi's sarcoma; malignant hemangiopericytoma. Alveolar sarcoma. Synovial sarcoma. Granular cell tumour. Clear cell sarcomas of tendons and aponeuroses. Epithelioid sarcoma. Myxomas. Desmoplastic small cell tumour.
Skin:
Benign epithelial tumours (seborrheic keratosis, epidermal cysts, keratoacanthoma, tumours of cutaneous appendages) and malignant ones (actinic keratoses, basocellular epithelioma, squamocellular epithelioma). Dermal tumours: fibrous histiocytoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans; Kaposi's haemangioma and sarcoma. Nevi and melanomas.
Osteoarticular apparatus:
Osteogenetic tumours: osteoma, osteoid osteoma, osteosarcoma. Chondrogenetic tumours: chondroma, chondroblastoma, chondrosarcoma. Ewing sarcoma / primitive neuroectodermal tumours (PNET), giant cell tumours, giant-cell tumour of tendon sheaths and villonodular tenosynovitis. Bone metastases
Nemolymphopoietic system:
- Non-specific reactive pictures in the lymph node
- Specific lymphadenopathies (Castlemann's disease, Rosai Dorfmann's disease, Kikuchi's disease)
- Lymphadenitis (bacterial, viral, protozoal, immunological)
- Classification of lymphoproliferative diseases
- Non-Hodgkin B and T lymphomas
- Hodgkin's lymphomas
- Evaluation of the bone marrow biopsy
_ Myeloproliferative neoplasms
_ Myelodysplastic syndromes
- Myelodysplastic / myeloproliferative neoplasms
- Acute myeloid leukemias
The professor is available to students. Please, contact him using the following e-mail: stefano.larosa@uninsubria.it
Modules
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Credits: 4Place of teaching: Varese - Università degli Studi dell'Insubria
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Credits: 1Place of teaching: Varese - Università degli Studi dell'Insubria
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Credits: 1Place of teaching: Varese - Università degli Studi dell'Insubria