Mentions of cardiac anatomy and physiology. Noninvasive and invasive diagnostic evaluations in cardiovascular medicine: rest electrocardiogram, Holter monitoring, effort test, transthoracic, transesophageal, and stress echocardiography, cardiac CT and MRI scan, myocardial scintigraphy, hemodynamic evaluation and coronary angiography, electrophysiology study and endomyocardial biopsy. Definition, etiology, mentions of pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnostic workup, and prognosis of the following cardiovascular diseases and clinical settings: ischemic cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, syncope, cardiomyopathies, valvular heart diseases, congestive heart failure and inflammatory cardiovascular diseases. Gender difference will be underlined when presenting each cardiovascular disease