PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Degree course: 
Corso di Long single cycle degree (6 years) in MEDICINE AND SURGERY
Academic year when starting the degree: 
2020/2021
Year: 
3
Academic year in which the course will be held: 
2022/2023
Course type: 
Compulsory subjects, characteristic of the class
Seat of the course: 
Varese - Università degli Studi dell'Insubria
Credits: 
4
Period: 
First Semester
Standard lectures hours: 
60
Detail of lecture’s hours: 
Lesson (40 hours), Laboratory (20 hours)
Requirements: 

Anatomy, microbiology, immunity, chemistry and biochemistry. The students will also have physiology and general pathology in the same semester.

Final Examination: 
Orale

The student must pass a written exam to access The student will have to do a written test of 50 questions to be solved in 60 minutes. The questions will be related to the course content; and will be structured on: knowledge acquisition and understanding (45%) and application of the knowledge acquired (35%), judgment autonomy (10%), and learning ability (10%).
To pass the written test the student must get a score of 18/30.

Assessment: 
Voto Finale

The course in physiopathology the students learn the basic principles of and the mechanisms of systemic and organ physiopathology. This course focuses on the pathophysiology of common disease conditions affecting human beings across the lifespan. Pathophysiology is a course that builds on basic medical science (anatomy, physiology, microbiology and chemistry) obtained from earlier courses which will lead the student to clinical medicine. It enables the medical students and clinicians to understand how and why diseases develop and various symptoms occur, clinical manifestations appear, what the underlying mechanisms are and how to choose proper therapeutics. At the end of the course the student will be able to understand the pathophysiologic bases of common human health alterations and associated clinical manifestations and elucidate the pathophysiological principles underlying the pathogenesis and therefore treatment of the disease.

Specific topics include:
Pathophysiology of the hematopoietic system.
Hemopoiesis: general principles
Erythropoiesis: essential factors and regulatory mechanisms. Pathophysiology of the erythrocyte
Anemic syndromes: pathophysiological classification, pathogenetic mechanisms and systemic responses (specific and specific)
Pathophysiology of specific pictures
Pathophysiology of haemostasis: general principles on the haemostatic process (primary haemostasis, secondary haemostasis, and fibrinolysis); integrated regulation and control mechanisms of the various phases
Pathophysiology of changes in the hemostatic process (primary and secondary forms)
arterial and venous thrombosis
embolism
Pathophysiology of lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis: causes and consequences; hyperlipidemia, hypertension, vascular damage, clinical manifestations and complications.
Pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system: general principles on the cardiovascular function and its main control mechanisms
heart failure: pathogenetic mechanisms of the alteration of the cardiocirculatory function and related compensatory systems; pathophysiology of the systemic consequences of heart failure
physiopathology of shock: physiopathogenetic classification, general and specific evolution of the picture, systemic consequences
myocardial ischemia, pressure hypertrophy and hypertension, heart failure.
Pathophysiology of the respiratory system: general principles on respiratory function and its main control mechanisms. Acute and chronic respiratory insufficiency: physiopathogenetic classification of the alteration of the respiratory function and compensation systems; physiopathogenetic mechanisms of the systemic consequences; ARDS. pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism.
physiopathology of isric-saline balance and acid / base balance: general principles, pathophysiology of edema, physiopathogenetic mechanisms of acid-base balance alterations: metabolic and respiratory forms, compensated and decompensated forms.
Pathophysiology of the liver: general principles on liver function; hepatic insufficiency (acute and chronic: pathophysiological mechanisms of the alteration of liver function and its systemic consequences. pathophysiology of jaundice.
Pathophysiology of the endocrine system: diabetes (and fluid control), the hypothalamus-pituitary system, hypo and hyperthyroid, parathyroid and adrenal functions.

Specific topics include:
Pathophysiology of the hematopoietic system.
Hemopoiesis: general principles
Erythropoiesis: essential factors and regulatory mechanisms. Pathophysiology of the erythrocyte
Anemic syndromes: pathophysiological classification, pathogenetic mechanisms and systemic responses (specific and specific)
Pathophysiology of specific pictures
Pathophysiology of haemostasis: general principles on the haemostatic process (primary haemostasis, secondary haemostasis, and fibrinolysis); integrated regulation and control mechanisms of the various phases
Pathophysiology of changes in the hemostatic process (primary and secondary forms)
arterial and venous thrombosis
embolism
Pathophysiology of lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis: causes and consequences; hyperlipidemia, hypertension, vascular damage, clinical manifestations and complications.
Pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system: general principles on the cardiovascular function and its main control mechanisms
heart failure: pathogenetic mechanisms of the alteration of the cardiocirculatory function and related compensatory systems; pathophysiology of the systemic consequences of heart failure
physiopathology of shock: physiopathogenetic classification, general and specific evolution of the picture, systemic consequences
myocardial ischemia, pressure hypertrophy and hypertension, heart failure.
Pathophysiology of the respiratory system: general principles on respiratory function and its main control mechanisms. Acute and chronic respiratory insufficiency: physiopathogenetic classification of the alteration of the respiratory function and compensation systems; physiopathogenetic mechanisms of the systemic consequences; ARDS. pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism.
physiopathology of isric-saline balance and acid / base balance: general principles, pathophysiology of edema, physiopathogenetic mechanisms of acid-base balance alterations: metabolic and respiratory forms, compensated and decompensated forms.
Pathophysiology of the liver: general principles on liver function; hepatic insufficiency (acute and chronic: pathophysiological mechanisms of the alteration of liver function and its systemic consequences. pathophysiology of jaundice.
Pathophysiology of the endocrine system: diabetes (and fluid control), the hypothalamus-pituitary system, hypo and hyperthyroid, parathyroid and adrenal functions.

The course objectives will be achieved through frontal lessons for a total of 36 hours. The frequency of lessons is required.

The professor will receive students in her office (Via O.Rossi 9, Laboratorio di Patologia Generale e Immunologia "Giovanna Tosi", Padiglione Biff) after making an appointment by e-mail.

Professors