The course opens with a brief review of the fundamentals of quantum mechanics and special relativity. The topics covered are: wave–particle duality and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics; the Lorentz transformations and the  covariant four-dimensional formulation of special relativity.

The first main topic of the course is nuclear structure and processes. We begin by examining the known general characteristics of nuclei, such as: density, binding energy and stability, as functions of the atomic mass and atomic number. The information obtained is then interpreted and used for the reconstruction of the various nuclear models: liquid drop, Fermi gas and shell, discussing in some detail the nature and role of the spin−orbit interaction. Having some understanding of nuclear structure, we then turn our attention to beta-decay and the question of parity violation in the weak interaction.

The following chapter explores the interaction between radiation and matter. We start with an introduction to the various forms of radiation. We then move on to the concept and definition of cross-section and Rutherford's scattering experiment. The quantum version, using Fermi's golden rule is re-examined, with the aim of describing correctly the interactions of various particle and radiation types with matter; the propagation of neutrons in matter; and cosmic rays and their interaction with the atmosphere.

The next topics concern the more specifically experimental aspects of nuclear and particle physics: particle and radiation detectors and particle accelerators. We open with a general classification of detectors, their general features: spectra, resolution and statistics. We then examine in some detail the various types of detectors in use today or until recently: bubble chambers, gas detectors, scintillators, semiconductor detectors and CCDs. Accelerator physics is then discussed starting with the general classification of accelerators and then continuing with detail descriptions of the various types: from linear accelerators to the betatron, cyclotron, synchrotron and ring accumulators.

The knowledge acquired of nuclear structure is then utilised to approach the various forms of nuclear decay: alpha-, gamma- and beta-decay; natural radioactive decay chains; and finally fission, fusion and the basic principles of nuclear reactors and energy generation (through both fission and fusion) and the internal functioning of the Sun and other stars.

The course closes with a rapid overview of the Standard Model of elementary particle physics: the classification of elementary particles themselves; the electroweak interaction; the strong nuclear interaction; grand unification and beyond.

During the course in each chapter, exercises are given to the students to be solved outside the classroom. At suitable intervals, specific examples classes are held to cover the problems already distributed and present new exercises in preparation for the final examination.