GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
The course provides the general principles and general characteristics of General Pathology and Immunology and with them the appropriate scientific terminology for communicating these disciplines.
At the end of the course the student will be able:
1) to know and understand the principles of innate and acquired immunity, their dynamics and their functioning in health and illness;
2) to develop understanding and description capabilities of resistance mechanisms to the immune system that the various pathogenic microorganisms implement;
3) to know and understand the characteristics of major hereditary diseases, pathologies that reduce the efficiency of defense mechanisms, and inflammation;
4) to understand the notions of cellular pathology, cell growth and differentiation alterations, amyloidosis, spongiform encephalopathy and cell death (necrosis, apoptosis and autophagy);
5) to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of tumors, differences between benign and malignant tumors, nomenclature and classification criteria for tumors, their gradation and staging, and the study of oncogenes and oncosuppressor genes.
The student will also acquire autonomy of judgment and scientific terminology for communication in the field of reference.

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
The course provides the general principles and general characteristics of laboratory medicine, with particular reference to the most important clinical aspects and the main analytes of human biological fluids important for health control. Likewise, the basic concepts of the pathophysiology and understanding of the use of laboratory tests in the diagnostic path will be developed.
At the end of the course the student will be able:
1) to know and understand the units of measurement, the importance of collecting and conserving biological samples, pre-analytical variability, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values;
2) to know and understand the characteristics of the major circulating cancer markers, their classification and clinical use, as well as indications of the use of such markers;
3) to develop understanding and description of hematology diagnostic mechanisms; of coagulative and fibrinolytic system; of liver function; of exocrine pancreas; of proteins; of cardiovascular disease; of diabetes and thyroiditis; of renal function; and associated with bone remodeling;
4) understand the notions and principles of vaccination; acute and chronic inflammation, their chemical mediators, and systemic manifestations of inflammation.
The student will also acquire autonomy of judgment and the terminology of laboratory diagnostics.

Knowledge of the main microbial pathogens