PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
According to the regulation of this course, having passed examinations of the previous years is required to take the examination of this course. To optimize learning, persistent knowledge of the human anatomy and physiology provided in the previous years is important.
Provide the student with adequate knowledge of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, cardiac arrhythmias and their electrocardiographic patterns, together with the techniques and technologies used for interventional electrophysiology and cardiac pacing. At the end of the course, the student should be able to recognize the different cardiovascular diseases and the related pathophysiology, with peculiar focus on cardiac arrhythmias, their electrocardiographic aspects, electrophysiologic procedure and cardiac pacing
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY, ARRHYTHMOLOGY AND CARDIAC PACING
Standard electrocardiography; Holter monitoring and exercise stress test. The normal electrocardiogram and modifications in the different cardiovascular diseases. Supraventricular and ventricular cardiac arrhythmias: pathophysiology, electrocardiographic pattern and clinical importance. Sinus node dysfunction and disease of heart conduction system: electrocardiographic pattern and clinical importance. Cardiac pacing: device classifications and their function; device implantation procedures; indications to implant; paced electrocardiogram.
CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Mentions of cardiac anatomy and physiology. Pathophysiology of the following cardiovascular diseases with elements of non-invasive and invasive diagnostics: ischemic cardiomyopathy, sudden cardiac death, syncope, cardiomyopathies, valvular heart diseases, congestive heart failure and inflammatory cardiovascular diseases.
TECHNIQUES IN ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
Technical aspects of the electrophysiology laboratory. Technical aspects of the following devices: pacemakers, implantable cardioverter/defibrillators, biventricular pacing, implantable loop-recorders. Techinical aspects of remote monitoring. Environmental interference of implantable cardiovascular electronic devices.
Slides of the lessons
For further learning:
-"Manuale di Malattie Cardiovascolari on line" found on the website www.sicardiologia.it accessible after free registration
-Costantini M, L’elettrocardiogramma: dalle basi fisiologiche alla facile interpretazione. Mc Graw Hill III edizione 2012