SISMIC, VOLCANIC RISK AND CIVIL PROTECTION PLANS
- Overview
- Assessment methods
- Learning objectives
- Contents
- Bibliography
- Delivery method
- Teaching methods
- Contacts/Info
The student must have knowledge of the theoretical bases of mathematics, chemistry, physics and geology.
ASSESSMENT MODE
Verification of learning will be through an oral final exam.
Assessment of learning involves the assignment of a final vote.
REQUIRED SKILLS
The student will be required to:
- Participate actively in the course by following the topics discussed on the deliveries, on the recommended texts, on the reference websites;
- Understand vocabulary and scientific concepts and their application in discussions during the course, written assignments and oral exams;
- Knowledge of location, magnitude, macroseismic intensity, tectonic style and structural setting of the seismic events discussed in the course;
- Knowledge the name, location, type of volcanism and geological problems of the volcanoes treated in the course;
- Have the ability to redraw the diagrams and sketches , and to properly comment on the images, that have been presented in the course.
The purpose of the course is to allow the student to acquire knowledge, skills and skills in identification and management:
- the types of geological, seismic and volcanic hazards;
- actions to mitigate disasters related to seismic and volcanic activity.
The student will experience the materials, methods and tools of Geology for the Environment, especially from the point of view of the assessment of the stability and safety of a site from the seismic and volcanic point of view. It will be able to appreciate A) variability and scale factors in natural processes associated with seismicity and vulcanism, and B) vulnerability of the physical environment to seismic and volcanic phenomena. C) geological criteria for the localization of a facility at risk of major accident with respect to possible impacts of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions and methodological implications; and (D) the general principles governing civil protection plans in case of seismic and volcanic emergency.
Foundations of General Geology and Litology: Physical State, Composition, Structure and Movements of Earth's Crust.
The core of the course is based on what is required internationally for the siting of nuclear power plants. Although very few facilities have an environmental impact and a risk comparable to those related to a nuclear installation, the path followed for the localization and design of these structures is in fact paradigmatic and methodologically correct for all situations considered in this course. Such an approach will allow you to have a complete view of the activities to be carried out. It will then be taken care of in the course to provide all the elements necessary to select the type of analysis that best suits the work that needs to be analyzed or the type of hazard that one has to deal with, including the physical context in which the site is located, and its cost.
The course is structured through a Seismic Risk Module and a Vulcan Risk Module.
Introduction to Seismic Risk, Expectations, Organization; Rock deformations and seismicity. Crostic dynamics: continental and oceanic crust, plate tectonics, oceanic dorsal, continental drift, subduction. Basic tectonic structures: fractures, foils, faults and creases. The association of elemental tectonic structures. The tectonic style of a territory. Vertical movements of the soil. Active tattooing. Measure and localization of earthquakes: epicenter, hypocentre, magnitude and macrosismic intensity, focal mechanism.
Structural geology and earthquakes, seismicity in tectonic compressive, relaxing and translucent environment. Case studies globally and in Italy; the earthquake of May 2012 in the Po Valley; the April 2009 earthquake in L'Aquila.
ESI2007 scale and the environmental effects of earthquakes; paleosismicity; surface fagulation, magnitude, intensity, breaking length and rejection ratio; geological criteria for assessing seismicity. Probabilistic and deterministic methods for the evaluation of the Seismic Hazard.
Civil Protection and Seismic Risk.
Introduction to Vulcanic Risks, Expectations, Organization; General aspects of volcanic hazard; Distribution of active volcanoes and geodynamic environments; Magma Generation; Magma chemical and petrographic composition. Physico-chemical parameters and eruptive style: Viscosity, temperature, gas content; Explosivity of a magma; Frequency and size of an eruption; Eruptive mechanisms; Products of volcanic eruptions; Types of Volcanic Buildings.
Dangerousness and volcanic risk: Hazard, Vulnerability, Risk, Natural Disaster; Monitoring; Risk mitigation.
Types of Volcanic Hazard: Volcanic Earthquakes; Lava flats and lava duomo; Pyroclastic recess and ballistic projection; Flow and pyroclastic surges; Calderic and structural collages; Lahar and gravitational flows; Volcanic gas; Tsunami.
Volcanic monitoring and short-term forecast: Precursors of an eruption; Monitoring soil deformations; Seismic monitoring; Geochemical monitoring of fluids; Monitoring for visual observation.
Volcanic Dangerous Zoning and Long-Term Forecast
The material used during the lessons and exercises will be made available to the student on the e-learning platform.
RECOMMENDED TEXTS (all present in the Library - Como)
John P. Grotzinger, Thomas H. Jordan, Understanding Earth, Third Italian Edition on the Seventh American Edition, Media Book, cod. ISBN 978-8808-82123-2, p. 752, Zanichelli.
McCalpin, J. Paleoseismology, 2nd Edition, 2009, Academic Press, 848 p.
Yeats, Robert S.; Sieh, Kerry E .; Allen, Clarence R. The geology of earthquakes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997, 568 p.
Giacometti L., Scandone R. Vulcans and Erections. Pitagora Editrice Bologna 2002
Rosi M., Papale P., Lupi L., Stopped M. All Vulcans. Mondatori Milano 2nd ed. 2003
Barberi F., Santacroce R., Carapezza ML. Hazardous earth. Editions ETS Pisa 2005
Scandone R., Giacometti L. Volcanology. Liguori Ed., Naples, 1998
Cortini, Scandone R. An Introduction to Vulcanology. Liguori Ed., Naples, 1987
Decker R., Decker B. Volcanoes. Freeman & amp; C ed., Oxford, 1990
INTERESTING SITES FOR INTEGRATION
National Institute of Geophysics and Vulcanology www.ingv.it
Civil Protection Vulcanic Risk www.protezionecivile.it
International Association of Vulcanology and Geochemistry www.IAVCEI.org
Association of Vulcanological Observers www.wovo.org
Italian Association of Vulcanology www.aivulc.it
Didactic website http://vulcan.fis.uniroma3.it
Didactic website http://volcanoes.usgs.gov
Didactic website www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work
The course will take place with frontal classroom lectures.
I am available to meet the students in Como and Varese, please send me an email