BIOCHIMICA
No requirements are needed
Biochemistry
The biochemical module aims to provide students with the knowledge of the main classes of biomolecules and to provide an overview of the metabolism with nods to correlte diseases.
The goal is that every student knows the main classes of biomolecules and their metabolic fate and the most common diseases related to it.
Pharmacology
The course aims to teach lineaments of general Pharmacology (Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics);Pharmaceutical Regulation and drug development, pharmaceutical techniques
At the end of the course the student should be able:
- to know the general principles underlying the drug disposition in normal subjects and in patients;
- to know the general principles underlying the mechanism of drug action;
- to evaluate risks related to drug use in relation to different factors such as: route of administration, adverse effects, intolerance, drug interactions, in normal subjects and in patients;
-to interpret and apply law dispositions on drug use and storage; to know law dispositions on the study and development of new drugs
- to use the appropriate pharmacological and toxicological information in order to handle and use drugs in hospitals
Content and course program
Biochemistry
The constituents of biomolecules: sugars, amino acids, lipids, cholesterol, energy molecules. Molecules of reserves, glycogen and triglycerides. Lipid structure, micelles, lipid bilayers, biological membranes and structural properties of cholesterol. Protein peptide bond, amino acid sequence, three-dimensional structure (eg, collagen), post-translational modifications, phosphorylation, glycosylation, proteolytic cleavages (zymogens), coenzymes. Oxygen carriers. Hemoglobin and Myoglobin. Enzymes: properties, kinetics, inhibition, regulation, specificity, nomenclature, enzyme cofactors. Vitamins. Metabolism, generality: anabolism and catabolism, bioenergetics. ATP, substrate phosphorylation, NAD + / FAD, reducing power. Respiratory chain. Glycolysis, glycogen metabolism and effect of insulin and glucagon. Krebs cycle, gluconeogenesis and their regulation. Nitrogen metabolism, Transamination, transdesamination, uric acid and urea cycle. Metabolism of fats and metabolic adaptations in fasting. Catabolism of heme and albumin. Lipoproteins, bile acids and hints on cholesterol metabolism. Generalities on hormones and cyclic AMP, calcium as a second messenger. Intracellular receptors.
Type of educational activities Lectures
Pharmacology
General Pharmacology
-Elements of pharmacokinetics: main route of drug administration, absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination in normal subjects and in patients;
-Principles of quantitative pharmacokinetics: volume of distribution, clearance, half life, bioavailability. Loading dose, maintenance dose;
- Elements of pharmacodynamics: mechanisms of drug action. Definition of agonist, antagonist, partial agonist. Dose-response curves: definition of pharmacological efficacy and potency;
- Elements of pharmaco-toxicology: toxic effects, drug interactions, abuse, tolerance, dependence;
- Elements of Pharmaceutical legislation.
- Elements of Pharmaceutical Tecniques.
Type of educational activities Lectures
Bibliography
Corso di Biochimica
Michele Samaja
Seconda edizione
Piccin
Pharmacology:
Farmacologia Generale e Clinica
BG Katzung, Ed Piccin
Assessment methods
For both disciplines, the examination for the Assessment will be written and will consist of multiple choice questions and open questions.