GENERAL IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
Immune regulatory circuits
-innate receptors, pathogen associated molecular patterns PAMP and PRR
-properties and functions of effector T cells
-conventional T helper cells, Th1, Th2 and Th17
-peripheral tolerance, second and third signal in antigen presentation
-regulatory T cells and IL-2
-damage associated molecular patterns DAMPs and sterile inflammation
-M1 and M2, gatekeeper of tissue homeostasis

Hypersensitivity and allergy
type I, II, III and IV

Autoimmunity
-autoimmunity represents a breakdown or failure of the mechanisms of self- tolerance
-epidemiology of autoimmune disorders
-classification of autoimmune diseases
-pathogenic mechanisms of autoimmune disorders
-genetic and environmental basis of autoimmunity
-example of autoimmune diseases
-therapy of autoimmune diseases

Mucosal immunity and gut microbiota
-gut microbiota, general concepts
-functional anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract, a focus on immunity
-gut microbiota and food antigens are somehow tolerated by the host immune system
-individual members of the microbiota produce relevant immunomodulatory effects on host immune system
-gut dysbiosis promoting illness inside and outside the gastrointestinal tract
-the cross-talk between gut microbiota and host physiology is best understood as a matter of developmental biology
-microbiota and nervous system, bidirectional interaction. Neurodevelopmental disorders

NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Brain immune privilege
-early evidences
-Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) and Neurovascular Unit (NVU)
-modulations of BBB in physiology and in disease
-recent discoveries about meningeal lymphatic system and glymphatic system

The inflammatory reflx
-autonomic Nervous System and the basic principles of reflexes
-bidirectional interaction between CNS and immune system, an introductory look
-lymphoid organs are innervated
-the prototypical inflammatory reflex, an account of the principal experimental discoveries
-the inflammatory reflex and diseases
-central control of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway
-translational implications - pharmacologic approaches, bioelectronic medicine

Myeloid cell types in the CNS
-embryonic and postnatal origin of microglia and other myeloid cells in the CNS
-cell-renewal/proliferation capability of tissue-resident macrophages in the CNS
-role of microglia in the homeostatic maintenance of the nervous tissue
-microglia M1/M2 polarization states in CNS disorders

Alzheimer disease and inflammation
-pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, the amyloid cascade hypothesis
-the role of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease
-microglia, beneficial and detrimental roles in Alzheimer disease
-immunotherapy targeting amyloid-β

Psyconeuroimmunology
-inflammation, sickness behaviour and depression
-role of tryptophan in the immune response and depressive disorders