The course will deal with some general contents and with some specific clinical contents. General contents include: differential diagnoses (e.g. for chest pain or acute respiratory failure), understanding diagnostic algorithms and significance of prognostic scores, timing and appropriateness of treatment strategies. Specific clinical contents include: Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar coma; hypoglycemia; porto-systemic encephalopathy; shock; acute myocardial infarction; pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism; asthma; syncope; stroke; hypertensive emergencies; electrolyte imbalance; acute renal failure.