GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY
Prerequisites: biochemistry
Knowledge of basic principles of general chemistry and organic chemistry, biology and cytology
BIOLOGIA GENERALE
No prerequets
Objectives and expected results: biochemistry
Basic knowledge of biochemistry of human metabolism.
BIOLOGIA GENERALE, docente Emanuela Maserati
The course is intended to give to the students the methodological basis for the study of biological phenomena in man of genetic variability, and of the mechanisms of transmission and expression of genetic information at cell and molecular level.
Obiettivi dell’insegnamento e risultati di apprendimento attesi:biochemistry
Carbohydrates: nomenclature and classification of aldoses and ketoses. Complexes sugars (hexosamine, sialic acid) disaccharides (saccarose, maltose, lactose, cellobiose), structural homopolysaccarides : cellulose, reserve omopolysaccahrides: starch and glycogen. Heteropolysaccarides: glycosaminoglycans.
Proteins: Chemical classification of amino acids; reactivity of the amine and acidic groups, D-L series and their biological significance, Peptide linkage and its chemical-physical properties, Protein structures.
Lipid: simple lipids: fatty acids, the role of the double linkage, isomers. Complex lipids: triglycerides, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids. Biological membranes, cholesterol and its derivates, glycoproteins.
Oxygen transporters: Mioglobin and haemoglobin. Enzymes: properties and kinetics. Enzymatic inhibition, regulatory enzymes, allosteric enzymes and covalently regulated enzymes.
Metabolism: Bio energy, ATP-ADP, Catabolism and anabolism relationship, phosphorilation and ATP availability, Glucose activation, glycogen metabolism, and its control mechanisms.
The glycolysis and its control mechanisms, pyruvate oxidative decarboxylation, gluconeogenesis and its control mechanisms, Fatty acids oxidation, Krebs, energy balance and its control mechanism. Anaplerotic reaction. Amino acid metabolism: transamination and transdesamination. Damage of Ammonia mechanism and protection against ammonia, glutamine and urea cycle, ketonic and bilirubin catabolism.
Hormones: general properties and action mechanisms, with a focus on insulin and glucagon effects on metabolism.
BIOLOGIA GENERALE, docente Emanuela Maserati
1. The cell as structural and functional unit.
2. Methods in formal general genetics
3. Methods in general cytogenetics
4. Molecular genetics: DNA, and RNAs
5. Mechanism of gene expression
In details:
The cell
Mendel’s laws and their exceptions
Human chromosome
The cell divisions
Male and female gametogenesis
Chromosome sex determination
DNA, structure and duplication
The chromatin
The heterochromatin
RNA
Protein synthesis and genetic code
Teaching activities:biochemistry
frontal lessons
BIOLOGIA GENERALE, grontal lessons
Textbook and teaching material
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
BIOLOGIA GENERALE:Le basi biologiche dell’ereditarietà, terza edizione; Tiepolo L., Laudani U.; La Goliardica Pavese, Slides are available to students
Modalità di verifica dell’apprendimento
30 written quiz in Italian with single answer
BIOLOGIA GENERALE:Oral examination for teaching of general Biology. The student is evaluated by knowledge and understanding (30%), applying knowledge and understanding(30%), judgement (10%), communication skills (20%) learning ability (10%); three questions are posed.