PROGRAM:
o Hand hygiene:
 Reasons for the execution of handwashing and fields of application.
 Handwashing types: washing with detergent, washing with antiseptic and alcohol friction, surgical scrub.
o Vital signs:
 Body temperature:
• physiology of thermoregulation.
• normal values and changes in temperature, causes of the temperature alterations.
• area and methods for the temperature detection.
 The arterial pulse:
• physiology of the cardiovascular system.
• characteristics of pulse, normal values and alterations, causes of pulse disorders.
• area and methods of pulse detection.
 The blood pressure:
• physiology of cardiac contraction and cardiovascular function.
• normal blood pressure and alterations, causes of pressure changes.
• area and methods of pressure detection.
 Breathing:
• physiology of respiration.
• characteristics of breath, normal values and alterations, causes of breathing disorders.
• area and methods of breath detection.
o Hygiene of the person:
 Skin functions and characteristics.
 Principles to perform the hygiene of the body.
 Teach the principles on how to perform the hygiene of the body.
 Assisting while bathing or showering.
 Total hygiene and perineal hygiene.
 Footbath, oral hygiene, hygiene of the eyes and hair hygiene.
 How to take off and put on clothing.
o Urinary excretion:
 urinary tract anatomy and physiology.
 Features of diuresis and urine and influencing factors.
 How to promote urination and aids to ensure the urinary elimination.
 Bladder catheterization: procedure for performing extemporaneous catheterization or indwelling catheter; drain and replace the urine collecting bag; procedure to remove the bladder catheter.
o Intestinal Elimination:
 Gastrointestinal Anatomy and physiology.
 Features of the feces, factors which influence feces elimination or alteration of it.
 Insertion of a rectal probe and execution of a enema.
o Diagnostic and laboratory tests:
 Operator Responsibility.
 Urine test:
• reagent strips (Stick urine);
• physical and Chemical urine exam, pregnancy test;
• examination of a 24h urine sample;
• urine midstream (urincoltura);
• how to collect a urine sample from an indwelling catheter.
 Feces test:
• chemical and physical examination of feces;
• coproculture;
• searching for occult blood in the feces.
 Investigations on the blood:
• collection of capillary blood;
• venipuncture and types of blood tests;
• collection of arterial blood;
• blood culture.
 Vaginal swabs.
 Instrumental diagnostic Tests:
• non-invasive techniques of investigation; hints on radiography, scintigraphy, ultrasound, mammography, CT, MRI;
• invasive techniques; hints on colonoscopy, gastroscopy, angiography;
• suction procedures; hints on biopsies, thoracocentesis, paracentesis, lumbar puncture.
• procedures that assess the electrical conduction; hints of EEG, EKG and enforcement procedure.
o Peripheral venous catheter:
 Definition and purposes.
 Positioning procedure.
 Complications.
o Nutrition and hydration
 Functions of the digestive system and major nutrients.
 Parameters for the evaluation of the patient''s nutritional status.
 Major changes in nutritional status.
 Evaluation of the state of hydration through hydro balance.
 Procedure on how to feed the patient.