Introduction- Homeostasis Feedback (negative and positive) internal and external environment- permeability and membrane transports
Membranes structure and regulation, compositions, membrane protein, membrane organization. Diffusion, membrane flux, active transport and facilitated diffusion, epithelia transport. Electric property of the membrane, Nerst and Goldman Equation, Donnan Equilibrium, Resting and action potential, Voltage clamp, ion channels Patch clamp and single channel recordings.
Signal transduction, Signal propagation Synapse, Synaptic Receptor and channel, Synaptic plasticity, LTP and LTD
Messenger and regulatory protein, Membrane signal transduction,
Muscle and Movements, Sarcomere structure, sliding filament theory, regulation of contraction, Role of Calcium, Mechanisms of muscle contraction, Cardiac muscle and smooth muscle.
Nervous systems evolution, Central nervous systems and central control, the autonomic nervous system.
Homeostasis, Endocrine System, physiological effect of hormones, Control of Nutrition, water and saline balance, metabolic and developmental hormones, reproductive hormones, Circadian rhythms and biological clocks
Circulation and the heart, general plan of the circulatory system, Mechanical property of the heart, Electric activity and coronary circulation, Hemodynamics, the peripheral circulation, the lymphatic system, capillary, control of the central cardiovascular system
Gas Exchange, oxide ad carbon dioxide in the blood, respiratory pigments, lung in vertebrates, and cardiovascular or nervous control of respiration.
Ionic and osmotic balance, balance of water and salt, osmoregulation organs, vertebrate kidney, Henle loop, excretion of nitrogenous wastes.
Feeding digestion adsorption, alimentary system, nutrients, alimentary canal, motility, structure, gastrointestinal secretion, absorption.
Metabolism and temperature relations, energy of locomotion and environmental influence.