CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF FORMULATIONS
- Overview
- Assessment methods
- Learning objectives
- Contents
- Bibliography
- Teaching methods
- Contacts/Info
Basic knowledge of general chemistry, organic chemistry and chemistry of polymers
The verification of learning will take place through a final exam in written or oral form. The check will be divided into several levels: 1) acquisition of knowledge relating to the topics covered in the course program and educational outcomes; 2) ability to interconnect the acquired knowledge; 3) ability to apply the acquired knowledge to examples of real situation.
Many of the preparations that the chemical industry provides to consumers are "formulated", ie mixtures of several substances in appropriate percentages, each of which contributes to the overall application performance of the preparation itself. One of the essential requisites for a formulation is to remain stable over time without causing the components to be dismembered, among the molecules of which both attractive forces (of cohesion and adhesion) and repulsive forces are exerted. The mutual compatibility of the components therefore depends on many chemical-physical aspects at both molecular and bulk levels (viscosity, rheology, behavior of the interphase surfaces, etc.). The science of formulations, typically interdisciplinary, is therefore intrinsically complex and is still a beginner. Many of the industrial formulation processes are developed on an empirical basis.
1. Formulations: role in the chemical industry, types and classification
2. Green chemistry and the 12 principles
3. Surface tension: curved surfaces, capillarity, vapor pressure, measurement of surface tension, thermodynamics of surfaces
4. Surfactants: classification, critical micellar concentration, properties of surfactants
5. Rheology: elasticity, viscosity, parameters that influence viscosity, classification of fluids
6. Colloidal systems: emulsions: preparation and stability, HLB index, adsorption of surfactants on solids, dispersion and condensation method, electric double layer, concentrated suspensions
7. Foams: stability, surface forces, stabilization, inhibitors, properties
8. Detergence: the solubility, parameter of Hildebrand and Hansen, formulation of a detergent, risks and biodegradability, surfactants such as soaps, washing aids, enzymes
9. Adhesives: chemical-physical characteristics, wettability, cohesion forces, classes of polymers
The lecturer will be provided with the topics covered during the lessons
The course will take place partly as classroom lectures, and partly as visits and insights to companies in the sector.
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