HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY 1
- Overview
- Assessment methods
- Learning objectives
- Contents
- Bibliography
- Teaching methods
- Contacts/Info
Although not mandatory, solid foundations of Human Anatomy and Biochemistry are advisable in order to approach the study of the topics of the course of Physiology 1.
The final exam will consist of a written test that will be made at the end of the course of Physiology 2 and will include all arguments of both courses.
At the end of the course the student will be in possession of the knowledge needed to understand the workings of nerve cells, of nerve circuits to which they belong, of their interaction and the various areas or districts that they form. Through such knowledge, the student will be able to develop a critical reasoning on the functioning of individual systems and on how the various parts of the nervous system interact with each other to ensure the correct control of the functional cardiovascular,respiratory and homeostatic parameters, as well as the sensory afferent information are interpreted and processed to obtain motor efferent responses consistent with the stimuli to which the organism is exposed.
Resting membrane potential. Time and space constants of the nerve fibers. Action potential and its propagation. Synaptic function. synaptic properties. chemical mediators. unidirectional run: delay, excitation or inhibition. Coupling between action potential and release of mediators: the role of Ca2 +. postsynaptic receptors. excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and inhibitory (IPSP). neuromuscular junction: the endplate. Neuronal coding. Integration of post-synaptic signals, temporal summation, convergence and spatial summation. Transformations of the post-synaptic effects in repetitive firing of neurons. sensory systems. General features of sensory receptors: generator potential and the potential of the receptor. Monosynaptic and plurisinaptic reflexes . General characteristics of the reflected latent time, spatial and temporal summation, subliminal fringe, occlusion, facilitation. tactile and kinesthetic sensibility. tactile and joint receptors. Spindles: afferent and efferent innervation. Circuit range. Bodies muscle-Golgi tendon. Central projections of tactile sensitivity and kinesthetic discriminated and indiscriminate. thermal and pain sensitivity. central pain transmission. vestibular apparatus. Receptors of the semicircular canals and macular receptors. acoustic sensitivity, visual, olfactory and gustatory. motor control. The neuromotor units. The muscle spindles and spinal reflexes. Maintaining posture. Spinal and vestibular component. Motor coordination. afferent pathways, efferent and cortical circuits of the cerebellum. Cerebellum. Mirror neurons. Basal ganglia voluntary movement. cortical areas drive. motor paths corticospinal direct and indirect. Motor homunculus. Cerebral cortex. functional specialization of different cortical areas: hemispheric dominance. Body role callosum. language centers, expressive aphasia and sensory aphasia. Medial temporal lobe and the hippocampus. Different types of memory. Ipotalamo.Sistema vegetative nervous limbico.Sistema. chemical mediators, action on effector organs. pain sensitivity. Types of pain receptors and polymodal nociceptors. central pain transmission. Theory of the gate, visceral-somatic convergence of neurons transmission (referred pain). Taken neo-spino-thalamic and paleo-spino-thalamic. analgesic system periaqueductal central and raphe nuclei. Endogenous opioids.
AA.VV. Human and physiology, Edi Ermes
Kandel et al. Principles of neuroscience Ed. CEA
Class lectures.
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